The Role of Project Management Integrating Research and Innovation for Sustainable Development

Abstract

This research has been covered the concept of integrating research and innovation in project management. With the help of it, all the important elements for developing sustainability are maintained. Besides, innovation ensures a proper allocation of the resources for organisational performance. However, lack of skills has been one of the challenges in the engagement of integrating research in project management. In this particular research work, the literature review has been done for identifying the benefits of integrating innovation and research in project management along with signifying its challenges. On the other hand, it can be stated that research and innovation have been beneficial for project management to increase work productivity. The challenges associated with innovation and researches in project management are delays and a high amount of investment needed. Employee training and maintaining effective communication is the core thing in order to integrate innovation and execute them properly.

Table of Contents

I. Introduction

a. Background Information

Integrating research can be conceptualised as the process of improving certain understanding related to real-world issues along with incorporating relevant knowledge. Hence, it is the coordination of all the elements in a project. In order to develop project management, it is necessary to include resources, tasks with proper coordination, stakeholders (Gvozdenovic, Popovic & Arsic, 2022). It is ascertained, that with the help of integrating research and innovation in project management, the conflicts regarding several aspects of the project along with evaluation of the resources are conducted. The engagement of innovation in a project enables the management to assess the situation, due to which an adequate decision is made for sustainable development through the project (Gvozdenovic, Popovic & Arsic, 2022).

Apart from that, integrated research ensures the management that the project is not being managed from isolation, due to which the sustainable development might be breached. Hence, it can be said that project management achieves sustainable development through the engagement of integrating research (Wang et al., 2018). On the other hand, innovation is another aspect of project management, due to which project charter is developed along with project management plan, knowledge, and integrated control of change. With the help of innovation, directing and managing project management is occurred (Wang et al., 2018). Apart from that, monitoring and controlling projects become easier through it as well.

b. Importance and challenges of the issue

Integrated research is important for the sustainable development of project management, as, with the help of it, project teams ensure that they are following the planned schedule of the project. Besides, integrating research also confirms that the cost of conducting a project is kept within the allocated budget (Wang et al., 2018). Hence, it also ensures an aspect of sustainability. However, it can be said that innovation in integrating research increases the scope for the project, due to which an organisation can improve their internal and external performance, which enhances the overall quality of organisational performance so that they can confirm sustainability.

Innovation provides tools, insights, and several metrics for the project, through which identification of organisational issues is possible along with conceiving elegant solutions of the issues. However, it can be said that the lack of following the steps of a project directs the project management to be more complex, which is the challenge of the topic (Larsson & Larsson, 2018). Besides, regarding integrating research, lack of coordination between two teams is the major challenge for the project manager, due to which the sustainability development remains unachieved. Besides, lack of skill set among the employees also is considered a challenge of project management, which is aligned with integrating research and innovation for sustainable development, as it directs the employees to be failed in controlling their responsibilities (Larsson & Larsson, 2018).

c. Reasoning for methods

The data of the literature review has been collected from Google Scholar and it has been done by searching different articles and journals associated with the subject or topic of the research. It can be stated that different articles and journals of an authentic category can be found from Google Scholar. Detailed information about the topic of project management has been understood through those articles or journals and a wide variety of articles or journals are present in Google Scholar (Uribe-Echeberria, Igartua & Lizarralde, 2019). It has been helpful for getting particularities of this literature about project management. Proper credibility has been given to the authors of the articles or journals to proceed with the work ethically.

d. Reasoning for methods regarding analysis of the results

A certain method for conducting the analysis of the results has been done based on qualitative technique. It has been effective for this research, as with the help of it; the researcher has been able to bring out the textual context from the results (Mohajan, 2018). Due to it, the roles of integrating research along with innovation have been judged in project management, through which an organisation can gain sustainability. Besides, it has also allowed the researcher to conduct the overall research with the help of lower cost.

II. Literature Review

a. Concept of project management and sustainable development

Project management is the use of procedures, techniques, competencies, expertise, and information to attain desired project goals within agreed-upon boundaries using procedures, methodologies, skill sets, understanding, and experiences (Hair, & Sarstedt, 2021). It can be considered as the methods of using skills, knowledge, along with experience with a focus on achieving the objective of certain projects. However, the overall process is conducted by staying inside the boundaries of procedure, and methods. It can also be said that project management is the set of correlated actions with some emerging elements, which has been consisted of a definite beginning and finishing for introducing a unique product (Müller, Drouin & Sankaran, 2019). The project management is completed with the development of several steps, such as initiation, preparation, execution, monitoring, controlling, and closure (Tereso et al., 2019). There are several methods, due to which the types of project management are determined. These are traditional, waterfall, agile, or lean project management. Therefore, project management is the set of certain activities, which are complex enough to be needed for managing. Hence, it is a form of implementation, through which organisational management focuses on enhancing the quality of performance to achieve higher-level goals (Tereso et al., 2019).

On the other hand, sustainable development is conceptualised with a notion of several developmental phases, which are socio-economic development aligning with ecological hindrances; or the restructure of the resources for ensuring a better atmosphere for the employees (Tomislav, 2018). The concept of sustainable development has been derived from three pillars of sustainability, which are environmental, social, and economic sustainability. Environmental sustainability refers to the activities, through which the quality of the environment is maintained. Social sustainability indicates following human rights, equality, and cultural independence (Tomislav, 2018). Besides, economic sustainability is the notion of maintaining income related to natural, social, along with human capital through which the standard of performance can be improved. On the other hand, sustainable development is considered as the pathway of fulfilling the needs of present individuals in a certain place, due to which they will be satisfied and they will achieve the highest level of prosperity (Dobrzański et al., 2020). Therefore, sustainable development ensures an environment, in which individual gets economic growth along with concern for the quality of life considering human health. Therefore, it can be said that sustainable development represents the idea of improving long-term economic well-being along with quality of life.

b. Importance of project management integrating research and innovation for sustainable development

Integrating research can be considered as an important measure for enhancing the outcomes of a project, as due to it, collaboration satisfaction is gained. More importantly, integrated research is essential for project management, as it helps to reveal the aspect of unexplored human skills, through which sustainable development is gained (Zhang, Cao & Wang, 2018). With the help of integrated research, leaders are able to contribute to satisfaction from performance, effectiveness, along relationships. Therefore, it has been ascertained that the effectiveness of a project can be gained through integrated research, which eventually helps to be more developed sustainably. However, it can also be said that integrated research is an essential element for project management, as it manages the habits of changing action plans or definition of the product as the project is initiated (Cooper & Sommer, 2018). This habit hampers the evolved needs of customers along with the requirement of the market, through which the project might be failed. Hence, it can be said that for achieving the success of a project, integrating research is considered an important element.

On the other hand, innovation is similarly essential for project management, due to which sustainable development is achieved. It can be stated that for the sake of high, medium, and small-sized organisations, innovation is important to achieve for coping with internal and external dynamics of the environment (Ju, Ferreira & Wang, 2020). With the help of innovation, due to which capability roles in project management are included for enhancing the agility of a project, which increases the performance of a firm to dominate the economy. Hence, innovation is also important for project management, through which organisations can be sustainably developed. It can also be said that the result of innovation in a project contributes to theoretical development, through which an organisation is able to find environmental dynamics. Hence, it is another aspect of considering innovation as an important part of completing a project successfully. However, it has been ascertained that integrating research is important for a project, as with the help of it; the managers are able to identify the future direction, in which the organisation will run after the completion of the project (Derakhshan, Turner & Mancini, 2019).

It can also be said that integrating research enables the project team to utilise the resource for the project in an efficient manner, due to which decision-making becomes more comfortable along with meeting the stakeholders’ needs simultaneously (Derakhshan, Turner & Mancini, 2019). Apart from that, integrating research is highly essential for developing a project sustainably, as through it the project managers can ensure that their teams are on the track of linkage between policies, which articulated sustainable development of the project (Nilsson et al., 2018). However, it cannot be denied that innovation in project management ensures guidelines for the project teams, through which they can engage agility practices in the high-tech organisations after completing the project.

c. Types of Research and Innovation in Project Management for Sustainable Development

The role of integration of research and innovation in project management is immense. There are various tools available for making a project innovative to achieve sustainable development. There are also many research areas that are needed to be integrated into project management to achieve sustainable development.

i. Innovative Tools to be Integrated into Project Management

There can be many strategies applied to integrate innovation in project management. Such strategies are the adoption of different project management methodologies from different organisations, adoption of experiments in project management to achieve innovation, adoption of flat structure of management, and many more. These strategies can help achieve sustainable development. The examples of tools for implementing these strategies to achieve innovation in project management are ClickUp, Scoro, Monday.com, Asana, and many more. Successful innovations in project management always provide an organisation with sustainable development (Akhmetshin et al., 2019).

ii. Types of Research to be Integrated into Project Management

Project team performance assessment refers to the research area of performance appraisal of team members for achieving targeted goals, set for a project. This is a vital area of research to be integrated into project management, as the success of a project heavily depends upon the performances of project team members (Al-Dubai, Alaghbari & Alzubi, 2018). This is an area, which should be treated with flexibility as per the demand of the situation.

Project partnering refers to the research area to be integrated into project management, where an individual or a team is assigned to research the scope, financial sustainability, organisational culture, and a few more areas for partnering with another organisation for a particular project. The success of the project here depends upon the ability of both organisations to work together while complementing each other and the common practices and goals of both organisations (Nevstad et al., 2021). Here thorough research is required for ensuring less confusion between the organisations while working on a project together.

Stress in project management is also an important area of research to be integrated into project management. A project often builds up stress on the project managers and team members (Farnes, 2019). A new project usually brings new areas to gain expertise, unseen problems during the project work, difficult challenges to handle along with it. These factors are usually responsible for the stress issue in project management. Systematic research is required to mitigate these problems and achieve sustainable development in return.

The role of negative and positive project experiences is also needed to be taken into account for research and integrated into project management. The research of the role of negative and positive project experiences should be integrated into project management in any organisation. Research of this factor reveals synchronization of a team during the project, the impact of positive and negative experiences on the team during the project, issues to be solved for future projects, and many more(Stoverink et al., 2020). Implications and actions based on the findings of this research help an organisation gain consistency. Naturally, it becomes easy for the organisation to achieve sustainable growth.

d. Benefits of integrating research and innovation in project management

Research is important while proceeding with a proper program of Project Management. Research mainly helps to give different ideas about managing a project and implementing new feedback systems to get error-free outcomes largely (Bushuyeva, Bushuiev & Bushuieva, 2019). Conducting proper research about a particular area where the project will be carried out can provide positive benefits of making a constructive project plan along with budget and events. The predicted benefits can also be understood through the help of research in a project management process. Research integration in project management can increase the chances of achieving the needed result. It is also helpful for gaining a perspective on the project and makes it properly fit with the business strategy. Prioritization of business resources and their efficient usage can be assured through research in project management. Integration of research in a project is mainly helpful for setting the scope budget and schedule properly from the beginning. It helps in improving productivity and work quality.

Conducting research in a collaborative manner helps in increasing consistent communication among clients, suppliers, and staff. By integrating research in project management, it is easier to satisfy different requirements of the project stakeholders. It helps in mitigating the risks associated with the failure of a project. It is beneficial for gaining a competitive advantage and boosting the bottom line of a project. Customer satisfaction can be increased by conducting research about the main aspects that are needed to highlight in a project associated with the needs of customers (Gemünden, Lehner & Kock, 2018). The main point of integrating innovation in project management is strategic decision-making in a field. Strategic decisions can maintain balance within the ability and opportunities of companies that exist in the environment in order to achieve the long-term objectives of the business. The strategy of innovation means to support the strategy of the business and act as a mediator within the company and the environment of its project. The integration of innovation in a project needs to be done after understanding the domain of innovation in which the project can gain success.

Integration of innovation needs to be synchronised with the other strategies of organisational project management such as the strategy of intellectual property, technology, manufacturing, and marketing. Integrating innovation in project management mainly helps to enhance the skills of the employees involved in project management (Khosravi, Newton & Rezvani, 2019). It can be stated that innovation mainly helps in the diversification of ideas in a multicultural workforce. Therefore, the project mainly proceeds with innovative approaches and meets the deadline with error-free outcomes to a large extent. Research and innovation mainly work in collaboration for project management. Before integrating an innovation, detailed research needs to be carried out in project management. Innovation management is necessary for a project for getting a new perspective about each stage of the project and apply the principles in an enhanced manner. Research and innovation in project management can be helpful for improving work productivity along with the application of new ideas in a project management process.

e. Challenges of integrating research and innovation in project management

Integrating Research and innovation in project management brings some challenges. The main challenge is meeting the strict deadline of the project while integrating Research and innovation in it. Conducting proper research before project management can delay meeting the deadlines. Therefore, it can be said that the project management needs to be done by proceeding with research in every stage of the project to minimize the challenge of meeting the deadline (De Rezende, Blackwell & PessanhaGonçalves, 2018). Building collaboration within the participants of the project can be challenging as they might show reluctance towards innovation as that can make things confusing. Everyone shows reluctance for a change process in the beginning. Proper research might show the negative effects of a change process for introducing innovation in a project, which needs to be completed within a strict deadline. Therefore, it can be said that research can give proper benefits such as making an appropriate budget or a schedule along with highlighting the negative aspects of introducing innovation or change processes within a project management method. The research and innovation integration for project management might give rise to confusion if proper teamwork is not enquiries within the participants of a particular project.

Teamwork can enhance the diversification of ideals that the research and innovation integration for project management might give rise to confusion if proper teamwork is not enquiries within the participants of a particular project. The main challenge associated with integrating Innovation and research in project management is a high amount of investment. Small companies cannot afford this kind of high investment, which is needed for research along with introducing innovation in project management. Conducting meetings for research and providing proper skills to the employees in order to make them capable of implementing a particular innovation needs high cost (Beausoleil, 2018). It can lead to a loss for a project in the end along with not meeting the deadline. The result can be a decrease in profitability for the project. It can be stated that the project management mainly shows are some challenges as integrating innovation need proper implementation of a plan and working for long hours.

Working for long hours can be applied if the project needs to be completed within a tight deadline. It can be stated that conducting research, instilling innovation, and meeting the deadline along with keeping a proper budget simultaneously can be challenging for a project. The project management needs proper budgeting and scheduling which needs to be done after the integration of innovation and research (Kozioł-Nadolna, 2020). The research that needs to be carried out before managing of project needs a proper assessment of the particularities needed for the project. It is a time-consuming method and that can lead to more spending of money and can give rise to delay. The research and development team needs to be set up along with providing the appropriate tools for carrying out the research and finding out the ways of instilling innovative techniques to cut the time needed for project management.

f. Literature gap

This literature has been developed with a focus on revealing the impact of integrating research and innovation in project management, through which sustainable development can be gained. However, the gap of certain literature has obstructed to gain knowledge of the ways of engaging integrating research into project management. Besides, this research has not been able to mitigate the gap of challenges related to innovation in the process of sustainable development through project management.

g. Conceptual framework

Figure 1: Conceptual framework

(Source: Created by author)

III. Analysis

From the literature review, it can be stated that project team performance assessment is extremely important as it determines the success of a project. Similarly, project partnering is yet another crucial aspect determining the success of the project depending on the ability of both organisations to work together while complementing each other. Complete project management includes several steps like initiation, preparation, execution, monitoring, controlling, and closure. Apart from this, traditional, waterfall, agile or lean project management are the four different methods that determine the type of project management. Most of the activities involved in project management are complex enough with different developmental phases. Restructuring these resources ensures a better working atmosphere. The entire idea of sustainable development was derived from environmental, social, and economic sustainability. All of these factors aim to build an environment of economic growth while considering the quality of life.

In addition to this, integrated research has been found to be significant for project management, as it helps in evaluating the aspects of unexplored human skills thereby aiding to achieve sustainable development. It further manages all the habits involved in changing the action plan or the definition of the project. It also assists leaders to satisfactorily contribute towards improved performance and effectiveness, in association with their relationship. Therefore, it can be stated that the entire effectiveness of a given project can be achieved by applying integrated research, which in turn aids to develop the project more sustainably. However, it can also be said that integrated research is an essential element for project management.

The overall quality of the literature found can be evaluated as good because it clearly indicates the actual relevancy of most of the reviewed sources in comparison to the key argument. In addition to this, the arguments in regard to the entire idea of sustainable development and methods which determine the type of project management have been well-supported by discussing the specific points in particular. Moreover, the overall literature review nicely provides the necessary bibliographical information which might be significant to other researchers in order to locate the original sources. Like most other academic papers, this literature review also consists of the three main elements which are the background information section followed by the review body and a final conclusion to support the methods and significant factors stated.

The main findings from the literature review include that innovation is extremely essential for project management as it enhances the agility of a project thereby boosting the overall performance of a firm and increasing its profitability. In addition to this, innovation helps organisations to develop sustainably and thereby contributing to their theoretical development. Integrating research is yet another crucial part of a project as it helps the managers to easily identify the direction in which their organisation might run in the future thereby enabling the project team to effectively utilise all the resources and decision-making becomes comfortable. ClickUp, Scoro, Monday.com, and Asana are some of the tools for implementing innovative strategies to achieve improvement in project management.

From the literature, it can be said that Research and innovation integration in project management can increase the quality of work and productivity. It can help in setting up an appropriate budget and schedule before starting a particular project. It has been found out that there are some challenges associated with the integration of innovation and research in project management and those are time management and high investment. This can lead to loss as the end result of a project for staff therefore separate teams need to be recruited for different roles and they should be provided with proper tools to proceed with their role in a fast possible manner and eradicate the possibility of facing loss as the end result of a project.

IV. Conclusion

a. Conclusion

The above project is a resource paper beast on integrity research which is responsible for the improvement of organisation from various aspects. This paper contains some advantages of integrated research and innovation which ensure the project management strategies and techniques in order to develop sustainable plans for the organisations. If an organisation implies integrated research it increases the scope for the organisation in order to develop the productivity profitability and further innovation for the business. The cost of production also decreases if some research and integrated plans are included to grow the organisation with the help of the research and development department. When an organisation is able to reduce its production cost automatically it will be able to increase the innovative stairs for further improvement.

b. Recommendation

Project management is followed by some innovative techniques such as tools inside and several project management matrices are to be synchronised and organised properly for the property implementation. The recommended step to introduce the innovative project management technique is to identify the issue of the organisation properly before the introduction of any project management tool (Chawla et al., 2018). Sometimes some lack of the consecutive steps observed from the management which should be me to get it with proper coordination among the management staff. If the project management is implemented after proper planning the necessary steps will be followed properly and it would be better for the development of organisational productivity.

Very often it is observed that the different times working under an organisation lack the necessary communication between them which disturb the project management techniques. For example, one team is adopting a recommended strategy given by any eminent strategist. On the other hand, another thing is adopting something which is completely opposite of that theory. It is responsible for the lack of school development for the team members which should be me to get it by the management organising general meeting before the implementation of any respective project management tools or techniques.

The companies should train the employees before the introduction of any new project management policy because if the employees are not properly informed about the upcoming possible changes they will commit mistakes (Woźniak, 2021). This problem can be easily mitigated by the management by increasing the communication activities between the employees and the hierarchy. The managers or the team leaders leading a particular team need to coordinate with the employees properly to make them informed about the project management plans set by the management of the organisation. Parallelly different training sessions and orientation programs should be organised to ensure the knowledge of the employees who will be working with the changed strategies.

The final step to successfully implement the project management technique is to evaluate the performance of the employees after the orientation session (Fathalizadeh et al., 2021). It should be properly assessed by the team leaders whether the team members are able to work with the new management policy or not. The human resource department of the organisations should monitor the employees’ performances in order to ensure the success of the project management policies.

c. Future scope

In the future, the researchers can game good information about the tools that will be helpful for integrating Research and innovation in project management. Importance of research and innovation for sustainable development of a project become easier with the help of technologically advanced tools. The technological aspects of innovation and research in project management can provide scope for the researchers to research further in the future and gain positive or negative aspects of project management methods. In the future, this research work will be helpful to give a good understanding of the need for innovation and research in a project.

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